William Simpson Oldham, Sr. (July 19, 1813 – May 8, 1868), born in Franklin County, Tennessee, served in the Arkansas House of Representatives in 1838 and was later a Justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court in 1842. He represented Texas in the Provisional Confederate Congress from 1861 to 1862, and was a senator in the First Confederate Congress and Second Confederate Congress from 1862 to 1865. Oldham County, Texas, is named for him.