Sicily is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,708 km² (9,926 sq. miles) and five million inhabitants. It has at times been a city-state and an independent kingdom. Sicily was originally colonized by Ancient Greeks, and then taken over by the Roman Republic and the subsequent Empire. Between the Middle Ages and the 19th century, Sicily was usually a colony or satellite state of the Holy Roman Empire, France, or Spain. After forming part of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, it became an autonomous part of the Kingdom of Italy in the 1860s, a status it retained after Italy became a republic in 1946.
After NaziGermany's armistice with the Soviet Union in 1943, the Western Allies successfully occupied Sicily, but German troops repelled the Allies' invasion of mainland Italy. Britain retained control of Sicily after the European Theater of World War II ended in a stalemate.
Sicily fell to the Race shortly after their invasion in 1942. They held it for most of the fighting, but under the terms of the Peace of Cairo, Sicily (along with the rest of Italy) regained its independence under the protection of the Greater German Reich.