Turtledove

Actually, this category should be in addition to monarchs. A caliph is more the religious leader, and a seperate title from that of sultan. TR 05:28, 3 January 2009 (UTC)

Caliphate, which you yourself wrote, specifically mentions political leadership. It seems quite comparable to Category:Popes in my understanding. Turtle Fan 05:39, 3 January 2009 (UTC)

It is, except that Caliphs have also served as Sultan in a secular capacity. A somewhat better comparison may be the Monarch of the UK also acting as head of the Church of England. It's a hairsplit that I'm not sure I buy, but it's there. TR 05:42, 3 January 2009 (UTC)
I was thinking more along the lines of Popes at points when the Pope was hardly anything more than just another Italian prince, at least those, like the Borgians, who saw themselves as such. The prince of, say, Naples could wage war against Rome while remaining Catholic, though he'd probably get his ass excommunicated. A complex matter. Turtle Fan 05:45, 3 January 2009 (UTC)