Kidney failure, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is a medical condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood, functioning at less than 15% of normal levels.
Many historical figures referenced in the works of Harry Turtledove and Laura Frankos died of some kind of kidney-related illness. They may have died differently in the context of a given work. Neither author has emphasized renal illness as a cause of death for fictional characters.
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