Antarctica

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent, containing the geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean.

Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent. Only cold-adapted organisms survive.

Antarctica in "The Fillmore Shoggoth"
When Miskatonic University launched a series of expeditions to Antarctica, the world became aware of the existence of the Old Ones and the shoggoths. Humans and the Old Ones were eventually able to achieve co-existence. Nothing, however, could co-exist with the shoggoths.

In 1966, an iceberg broke off from the Ross Ice Shelf, and began traveling north. It survived the trip across the Equator, and landed at San Francisco in 1968. Shoggoths emerged from the iceberg and attacked the city.