David, King of Israel

David (Hebrew, דָּוִד, דָּוִיד) was the second King of Israel in Biblical times. Scholars usually place his life around the turn of the eleventh century BC.

David's story is told in the Bible in the First and Second Books of Samuel. It begins when the prophet Samuel visits his father, Jesse, at their home town in Bethlehem. Samuel informs Jesse that Saul, the King of Israel, no longer enjoys God's confidence, and has chosen one of Jesse's sons to replace him. Samuel has come to anoint God's chosen one, but after meeting all of Jesse's sons he finds that he can anoint none of them. Jesse admits that his youngest son, David, is out working in the fields; Jesse had not summoned him because he assumed the youngest son was not significant. Samuel finds that David is God's chosen one and anoints him.

War breaks out with the Philistines and David's brothers go to war. David visits the front to bring them gifts from Jesse. On one such occasion, he attracts the attention of Saul by playing music so sweet that it soothes the king's restless spirit. Then, when the Philistine champion Goliath challenged the Israelites to send a champion to fight him, only David was willing to accept the challenge. He defeated Goliath, a victory so unlikely that everyone knew David enjoyed God's favor.

Saul rewards David generously, even allowing him to marry his daughter, Michal. However, Saul soon grows jealous of David when he realizes that the young man is more popular than the king himself. Saul attempts to kill David, and David must flee into exile. However, much of the Israelite army is loyal to David, and fights to defend him. David refuses to kill Saul, believing the older man remains God's anointed king for as long as he lives. When Saul is killed in battle against resurgent Philistines, and his sons with him, David assumes the crown.

After several years, David retakes the city of Jerusalem, which had been lost to Israel many years earlier. Under David's leadership, the Israelite army decisively defeats the Philistines and many others, giving Israel secure borders and even military hegemony for the first and only time in its history. His passionate devotion to God also brings him to lead a spiritual revival, and piety in Israel reaches its highest pitch since the time of Moses. God is pleased and protects the kingdom, allowing it to thrive.

David faces two great crises during his kingship. In the first, he seduces Bathsheba, a beautiful woman who conceives a baby by him. Bathsheba's husband, Uriah, is an officer in the Israelite forces away on campaign. David attempts to give Uriah leave to return to Jerusalem, so that it will be possible to convince him that Bathsheba conceived during his visit, but Uriah refuses to enjoy the comforts of home while his men remain in harm's way. David then orders his general to send a unit led by Uriah to attack a strong enemy position, but all of Uriah's men will have secret orders to withdraw, leaving Uriah alone to be killed.

This sin infuriates God, and David temporarily loses God's favor. God causes David's son with Bathsheba to die in infancy as punishment, and David further shows his remorse by enduring a rigorous self-imposed fast. This does not save the life of the baby, but David takes Bathsheba into his house as a wife, and they have another son, Solomon, who will one day become David's successor.

Later, Absalom, another son of David, attempts a coup d'etat against David. Solomon leads David's forces and defeats and kills Absalom. David's kingship survives, but he mourns for his lost son.

David's reign lasts forty years. His son Solomon succeeds him, and under Solomon Israel's economy grows very rapidly. However, while Solomon originally continued his father's religious policies, he eventually allows paganism to creep back into Israel. When Solomon dies, his son, Rehoboam, assumes the throne and quickly angers God. With God's encouragement, the Northern Tribes rise up against him, and Rehoboam rules only the small rump state of Judah. Most of Rehoboam's descendants are impious kings who disrupt God's relationship with His people, but God continues to allow them to reign for about four centuries, out of respect for David, until Judah is conquered by Babylon. Eventually, Jesus is born as a direct descendant of David.

David in "Occupation Duty"
Tabitas of Evraioi was the Moabite champion who responded to Goliath's challenge. Goliath defeated Tabitas and the Philistines conquered the Moabites. They continued to rule Moab more than three millennia later, though Moab was forever making life difficult for its conquerors.

Literary Note
The text of "Occupation Duty" does not explicitly state that David is Tabitas. The mods of this Wiki believe there is enough circumstantial evidence to support the position that he is. To see our justification, visit the article's talk page.