Al-Ghazali

Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazzālī (1058-1111) known as Algazel to the western medieval world, was born and died in Tus, in the Khorasan province of Persia (modern day Iran). He was a Muslim theologian, jurist, philosopher, cosmologist, physician, psychologist and mystic of Persian origin, and remains one of the most celebrated scholars in the history of Sufi Islamic thought.

Al-Ghazzali in In High Places
Al-Ghazzali's view that scientific investigation and religious belief could not co-exist, and that religion must supercede, dominated the Muslim world in an alternate where the Great Black Deaths killed 80% of the population of Europe. This partially explained why that particular alternate never developed the Scientific and the Industrial Revolutions.