Unnamed Fictional Heads of State and Government

This page lists fictional heads of state and/or government who are the referenced incumbent but unnamed office-holders, in the works of Harry Turtledove, OR are posthumously referenced, but their role is relevant to understanding the plot or background of a given work. Usually the reference is relegated to a few sentences.

Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
In 1852, Jeremiah Stafford tells Leland Newton that the Grand Turk (common slang for the Ottoman Sultan) has been murdering Armenians "for sport" without suffering consequences. This behavior could hardly be any further from the nature of Abdülmecid I, who reigned 1839-1861 in OTL. Abdülmecid was one of the most enlightened monarchs in the Empire's history, famously passing laws ensuring tolerance for non-Muslims, civil rights, and the beginning of gradual emancipation of slaves. Armenians in Turkey never suffered any particular persecution until the close of the 19th century, with the Genocide devastating their people only in the 1910s. Apparently, in the Atlantis timeline, a butterfly effect put a much crueler Sultan on the throne in the 1850s.

Czar of Russia
Stafford follows his point about the Ottoman Sultan (see above) by suggesting that the Russian Czar is doing the same thing to Jews. As with the former example, this suggests a ruler other than OTL's Nicholas I, who reigned 1825-1855. While quite autocratic and restrictive of freedom of the press, Nicholas never singled out any specific minority group for persecution, and his reign saw hardly any anti-Semitic violence. In fact, while isolated incidents of violence toward Jews occurred in the far fringes of the Empire before and after Nicholas' reign, the archetypical "pogrom" did not take its quintessential form until the 1880s, during the reign of his grandson Alexander III.

King and Prime Minister of the Confederated Provinces
The Confederated Provinces is an analog of the United States, but is a constitutional monarchy, rather than a republic, with a king and a prime minister. Both are mentioned in passing by their titles only. The king is described as a figurehead, and the prime minister is described as having the real power.

Emperor of Aztecia
The Empire of Aztecia is an analog of Mexico. Towards the end of the novel, the reigning emperor has his entire cabinet put to death.

Deposed Shahanshah of Persia
The monarch of Persia was overthrown in recent memory and replaced by a secularist republic. A large number of his supporters live in exile in Angels City (Los Angeles). The character is a loose analog of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the final Shah of Iran in OTL.

Shah and Prime Minister of Iran
These two figures are mentioned in passing. The Prime Minister survived an assassination attempt in the 2090s.

Prime Minister of Italy
While visiting the home timeline, Gianfranco Mazzilli is amazed by how openly critical people are of the Prime Minister of Italy, noting that in his own world, people would go to prison camps for even thinking such things about a government official.

King of Spain
When Jacques moves to the Spain of the home timeline, he's initially astonished that the reigning King of Spain is a mere figurehead.

Emperor of Austria-Hungary
Mentioned in passing; presumably in power as a consequence of his country's alliance with Germany.

Emperor of Brazil
Mentioned in passing; presumably, the German Empire restored this monarchy which had been overthrown in 1889.

Emperor of China
Mentioned as being the focal point of a plot to challenge the German Empire by setting up a Chinese one to rival it.

King of England
Mentioned in passing, it's unclear if he rules Great Britain or literally just England.

Kaiser of the German Empire
In the late 21st century, this unnamed Kaiser is the de facto ruler of most of the world.

Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Mentioned in passing; presumably still in power as a consequence of his country's alliance with Germany.

King of Portugal
Mentioned in passing; presumably, the German Empire restored this monarchy which had been overthrown in 1910, four years before the break-point.

King of West Algarve
An unnamed Algarvian nobleman agreed to serve as King of West Algarve, a position with limited real power; he was in fact a puppet of western Algarve's Unkerlanter conquerors. At least two Algarvian nobles, including Sabrino, had refused to take the office before Unkerlanter officials found a collaborator pliable enough to accept the crown on Unkerlanter terms.

Prime Minister of California
Mentioned in passing as man with a fondness for casual fashion, which is in keeping with the customs of his country.

General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Italian People's Republic
Mentioned several times throughout the novel, he rules the country where most of the plot takes place.

Hitler analog
Jack Spivey relates that "that noisy fella on the far side of the ocean" made the fylfot his symbol, but the Canon City Fylfots were already using it as theirs, and were not about to let go of it for him or anybody else. This is a clear analog of Adolf Hitler.

Mussolini analog
Spivey also relates that some king, or maybe he was just a minister, way on the other side of the ocean, promised to make the trains run on time, but very few people believed he could do this. This refers to a famous Benito Mussolini quote which Turtledove has referenced in other works.

Russia's late Czar
An analog of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia was killed as in OTL, but there is some debate as to just which group killed him.

Soviet ruling council
In the 1930s, a group with a red flag rules over Russia. Some characters believe this council to be vampiric in nature, but this is never confirmed.

Pope and the King of France
In 1381, toward the end of the decades-long outbreak of the Great Black Deaths which devastated northern Europe, the Pope and the King of France ordered the death on the wheel of a heretical cult leader named Henri. The day after Henri's death, these two heads of state, while relishing in their triumph, were killed in a freak accident involving the structural collapse of a church in which they were praying. Other important higher-ups were killed in the same disaster.

Perón of Argentina
In 2010, the Perón describes the recently-deceased Führer, Kurt Haldweim, as a model for all rulers aspiring to greatness.

King of Bulgaria
In 2010, the King of Bulgaria visits the Poglavnik of Croatia on an official state visit. Video footage of the two men embracing is shown on the Seven O'clock News.

Poglavnik of Croatia
With the Axis triumphant, Croatia's Poglavnik remains a nominally independent ruler, although the Greater German Reich still wielded a great deal of influence over the policies of Croatia.

In 2010, the incumbent Poglavnik of Croatia meets with the King of Bulgaria after the discovery of hidden Jews in Serbia. A few months later, the Poglavnik declares a day of mourning when Germany's Führer Kurt Haldweim dies, stating that Haldweim's memory would live in the hearts of men forever.

Premier of France
Joins with other critics of the 2011 Putsch "in principle".

Duce of the Italian Empire
Although King Umberto is the nominal ruler, the Duce wields the actual power in Italy. Umberto expresses his condolences upon the death of Kurt Haldweim, calling him a man of power and of peace. He is initially supportive of Heinz Buckliger.

Emperor of Japan
The Emperor of Japan expresses sympathy for the German people upon the death of Kurt Haldweim.

Emperor of Manchukuo
The Emperor of Manchukuo expresses sympathy for the German people upon the death of Haldweim, along with the Japanese Emperor.

Caudillo of Spain
The Caudillo of Spain describes Kurt Haldweim as a man of world-historical proportions.

King of the Franks
Mentioned as ruling one of the more powerful independent Christian kingdoms remaining in Europe.

Czar of Siberia
This monarch rules the kingdom which split off from the Soviet Union sometime in the 21st or 22nd century.

President of the United States
The President considers going to Los Angeles to meet the arriving Roxolans but ultimately doesn't. Nothing about this person is revealed.

Galactic Emperor and Empress
Mentioned in passing, with the implication that they are absolute monarchs. There is the further implication from the text that they are not as popular as they might like to be, but that it is not safe to express disapproval of their government.

The Emperor of Mexico during the Great War
The name of the Emperor who ruled Mexico during the Great War is never given. It is known that Mexico was ruled by the Hapsburgs at the time. In other parts of the series, we learn that Maximilian I and Maximilian II were emperors sometime before the Great War, and that Maximilian III and Francisco José II ruled after it. Therefore, the moderators have taken a calculated leap of faith in referring to him by the logical name Francisco José I elsewhere in this wiki.

Premier of Quebec
No leader of the Republic of Quebec is ever identified by name. In The Center Cannot Hold, one unnamed Quebecois leader is briefly seen at the funeral of former US President Theodore Roosevelt. It is from this scene that we know that the title of the highest official in the Quebecois government is Premier.

Prime Minister of Israel
The Prime Minister is a man, but is not otherwise described. He delivers a speech promising an eye for an eye after Iran apparently launches a nuclear attack on Tel Aviv. This results in a nuclear counter-strike on Tehran and the Iranian holy city of Qom.

President of the United States
Aside from the fact that the President is a man and a Democrat in Eruption, he is not described. As the series spans more than eight years, this President is probably out of office before the end.

Vice President of the United States
An unnamed Vice President appears in All Fall Down as the commencement speaker at Marshall Ferguson's graduation from University of California, Santa Barbara. This person shares a few characteristics with the then-incumbent Vice President, Joe Biden.

Gilmer's Rival
No sooner has Gilmer returned from his negotiations with Yokim Sarns than he learns that a rival warlord is gathering a fleet of warships within ten parsecs of Trantor in preparation for an attack on the planet. While formal legal claims of sovereignty made by warlords such as Gilmer and his rival would certainly be dubious, the state of affairs in the inner galaxy at the time of the story does appear to suggest that such warlords are the highest political authorities in the region.

Emperor of Austria
The Austrian Empire is ruled by the House of Hapsburg. Its head of state is presumably the Emperor, but he is not named or described.

Tsar of Russia
The reigning Tsar of Russia is referenced throughout the novel, but never named.

Prime Minister of Britain
An unnamed female Prime Minister governs Britain in 1995, and makes a statement after the The Two Georges painting is stolen. This wiki previously endorsed the popular consensus identifying her as Margaret Thatcher, but has since deemed this too speculative.

Maleinos II's Predecessors
It is mentioned a number of times by various characters that Rhavas's grandmother was Maleinos II's grandfather's sister and that the grandfather was an usurper the way Stylianos was. Neither the grandfather nor the Avtokrator he overthrew or his son who presumably was Maleinos II's immediate predecessor were named. While it is likely that either his father or grandfather were named Maleinos, it is possible he was named after a previous Avtokrator that one, the other, or both admired. Therefore, we have one, two or even three unnamed Avtokrators immediately preceding Maleinos II.

King(s) of Kings of Makuran
Throughout the trilogy of books detailing the ascension and emperorship of Krispos, the King of Kings of Makuran has offstage involvement in various plot points. It is not known whether one King of Kings ruled Makuran throughout the period of time covered by the trilogy, or whether there were different kings at different points in the story. No names are ever provided in any of the relevant scenes.

President of Peru
One of the leaders of the few remaining free countries at the time of the story, El Presidente presides over a rump state located around the Andes Mountains. United States President Harris Moffatt III spoke to El Presidente by phone on occasion.

Risson's predecessor as the Emperor of the Race
The Emperor who ruled the Race in the early 1920s, and who formally ordered Fleetlord Atvar to conquer Tosev 3, is mentioned in Homeward Bound, but not by name. It is said that he was more interested in form and ceremony than in the substance of policy, a marked difference from the incumbent at the time of the novel, the 37th Emperor Risson. This emperor is referred to as "His Majesty's predecessor" and is implied, though not explicitly stated, to have been Risson's immediate predecessor. The Conquest Fleet celebrated this emperor's hatching day as a holiday during their war against the Big Five. Due to the difference in the amounts of time it took Earth and Home to complete orbits of their respective suns, this holiday would occur twice in one Tosevite year, to the confusion of many human observers such as Liu Han and Nieh Ho-Ting.