Maximilian I of Mexico

Emperor Maxililian I of Mexico, also known as Maximilian von Hapsburg (b 1832), was a member of the Austrian royal family. In 1864, with the backing of France and the Confederate States, and over the protests of the United States, Maximilian was installed as emperor of Mexico. The dynasty he founded there would remain in power through the Second Great War, and would rely on the Entente and especially on the Confederacy for protection from the wrath of the United States.

Maximilian's installation was a violation of the Monroe Doctrine. The French and Confederates prevented the US from enforcing the doctrine, thus effectively shooting it between the eyes.