New Spain

New Spain was a viceroyalty of the Spanish Empire, comprising primarily territories in what was known then as 'América Septentrional' North America. Its capital was Mexico City, formerly Tenochtitlan, capital of the Aztec Empire. New Spain was ruled by a viceroy in Mexico City who governed the various territories of New Spain on behalf of the King of Spain. New Spain was established following the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1521, and at its greatest extent included much of North America south of Canada: all of present-day Mexico and Central America (except Panama), most of the United States west of the Mississippi River and the Floridas.

New Spain also included the Spanish East Indies (Philippines, Guam, the Caroline Islands, Taiwan, Sabah, and parts of the Moluccas) and the Spanish West Indies (Cuba, Haiti and the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Trinidad, and the Bay Islands).

New Spain in "Eyewear"
While part of an expedition in the northern areas of New Spain, a Moorish slave named Estevánico came into possesion of a pair of eyewear which allowed him to see into the future. Subsequently, the eyewear was stolen from him. It was recovered over a century later by the Tewa leader Po'pay, who used the eyewear in his revolt against the Spanish.